Beyond the tariff fight: The real Indo-Pacific trade agenda

AAIP’s latest report documents the non-tariff barriers costing U.S. exporters and Indo-Pacific economies billions -- and the policy commitments to fix them

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Thursday, June 11, 2026 — The American Association of the Indo-Pacific (AAIP) today released Non-Tariff Barriers in the Indo-Pacific: A Sector-by-Sector, Country-by-Country Analysis, a comprehensive review of the regulatory, licensing, and standards-based barriers that continue to impede U.S. exports and investment across the region.

The report catalogues non-tariff barriers (NTBs) across eleven sectors covering more than twenty Indo-Pacific economies. Many of the barriers documented form the substantive agenda of the Trump administration's recent Agreements on Reciprocal Trade (ARTs) with Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Bangladesh, and other regional partners.

"Tariffs have dominated the trade policy conversation for the last eighteen months, but tariffs can be paid. Non-tariff barriers make trade unpredictable, slow, and in many cases simply uneconomic," said Jackson Cox, President of AAIP.

"This report is a reminder that the structural barriers facing American exporters and investors in the Indo-Pacific are documented, persistent, and quantifiable. They are also the issues on which the recent bilateral agreements deliver the most durable value."

Although the Trump administration’s Agreements on Reciprocal Trade focus on tariff regimes that are going through multiple iterations, it’s clear the NTB commitments embedded in those agreements --  including Indonesia's exemption of U.S. goods from halal certification, Vietnam's commitments on data localisation and intellectual property enforcement -- remain relevant.

"The agreements rest on more than the tariff leverage that produced them," Cox said. "These are formal commitments by national governments to dismantle barriers that have cost American businesses – and the economies themselves -- billions of dollars over many years. The administration has continued to treat the ARTs as binding and expect the commitments to be implemented, and we will work with with our partners in the region to ensure that they are."

"Our objective is to ensure that the commitments made at the negotiating table translate into policy change on the ground," Cox said. "The agreements are a foundation. The work now is implementation, and the work of AAIP is to make sure that work gets done, and that it will benefit both American exporters and America’s economic partners in the region."

Sectoral fact sheets will be published beginning June 23, 2026.

Resolving Long-Standing Non-Tariff Trade Barriers Benefits U.S. and Its Trading Partners

AAIP to Help Bridge the Pacific in U.S.-Indo-Pacific Trade Talks

Jeju, May 14, 2025 — The American Association of the Indo-Pacific (AAIP), the only pan-regional based association for American businesses, calls for the ongoing negotiations over reciprocal tariffs to address key non-tariff barriers (NTBs) that have, in many instances, prevented a level playing field for American companies across the Indo-Pacific. AAIP encourages the U.S. Government and Indo-Pacific governments to consult with business associations and companies to address the most significant trade barriers while providing clarity on forthcoming actions which may impact American companies’ ability to trade across the Indo-Pacific. AAIP’s expansive purview of the Indo-Pacific is a helpful asset at this critical moment in time as we represent a diversity of companies with deep experience navigating business opportunities and challenges from across the region. We can serve as a one-stop-shop providing just in time data and information related to U.S. business interests throughout the Indo-Pacific. 

NTBs such as discriminatory taxation and excise regimes, investment restrictions, local content and localization requirements, and others distort competitive markets and have long disadvantaged U.S. businesses operating in the region and must be part of these ongoing negotiations. 

Furthering steps already undertaken by the Trump Administration, AAIP will help facilitate improved business connectivity between the U.S. and markets across the Indo-Pacific.

Jackson Cox, President of AAIP commented, saying “resolving key NTBs with markets across the Indo-Pacific will go a long way in providing greater access for “Made in USA” goods and services in some of the world’s largest and fastest-growing economies.” Cox continued, “To be sure - the tariffs have been disruptive, but we have a historic opportunity to address long-standing issues that would represent a win for the United States and a win for regional economies. AAIP is ready to work with all stakeholders to make the most of this opportunity.”   

Steven R. Okun, Head of External Affairs at AAIP said “Eliminating the most distortive NTBs in the Indo-Pacific will increase American access to foreign markets which will in-turn, increase jobs and reduce outstanding U.S. trade deficits.”  Okun continued, “Ending opaque and fragmented NTBs will streamline business practices for domestic and international businesses alike, leveling the playing field for American businesses.”

If governments across the Indo-Pacific region effectively identify and resolve the most prohibitive NTBs, this would bring benefit to these markets and reduce the need for the pending reciprocal tariffs. AAIP is committed to working with businesses and trade negotiators on both sides of the Pacific to execute mutually beneficial solutions. 

Resolving Long-Standing Non-Tariff Trade Barriers Benefits U.S. and Its Trading Partners

AAIP to Help Bridge the Pacific in U.S.-Indo-Pacific Trade Talks

Jeju, May 14, 2025 — The American Association of the Indo-Pacific (AAIP), the only pan-regional based association for American businesses, calls for the ongoing negotiations over reciprocal tariffs to address key non-tariff barriers (NTBs) that have, in many instances, prevented a level playing field for American companies across the Indo-Pacific. AAIP encourages the U.S. Government and Indo-Pacific governments to consult with business associations and companies to address the most significant trade barriers while providing clarity on forthcoming actions which may impact American companies’ ability to trade across the Indo-Pacific. AAIP’s expansive purview of the Indo-Pacific is a helpful asset at this critical moment in time as we represent a diversity of companies with deep experience navigating business opportunities and challenges from across the region. We can serve as a one-stop-shop providing just in time data and information related to U.S. business interests throughout the Indo-Pacific. 

NTBs such as discriminatory taxation and excise regimes, investment restrictions, local content and localization requirements, and others distort competitive markets and have long disadvantaged U.S. businesses operating in the region and must be part of these ongoing negotiations. 

Furthering steps already undertaken by the Trump Administration, AAIP will help facilitate improved business connectivity between the U.S. and markets across the Indo-Pacific.

Jackson Cox, President of AAIP commented, saying “resolving key NTBs with markets across the Indo-Pacific will go a long way in providing greater access for “Made in USA” goods and services in some of the world’s largest and fastest-growing economies.” Cox continued, “To be sure - the tariffs have been disruptive, but we have a historic opportunity to address long-standing issues that would represent a win for the United States and a win for regional economies. AAIP is ready to work with all stakeholders to make the most of this opportunity.”   

Steven R. Okun, Head of External Affairs at AAIP said “Eliminating the most distortive NTBs in the Indo-Pacific will increase American access to foreign markets which will in-turn, increase jobs and reduce outstanding U.S. trade deficits.”  Okun continued, “Ending opaque and fragmented NTBs will streamline business practices for domestic and international businesses alike, leveling the playing field for American businesses.”

If governments across the Indo-Pacific region effectively identify and resolve the most prohibitive NTBs, this would bring benefit to these markets and reduce the need for the pending reciprocal tariffs. AAIP is committed to working with businesses and trade negotiators on both sides of the Pacific to execute mutually beneficial solutions. 

Monday, August 26, 2024 — The American Association of the Indo-Pacific (AAIP), a membership-driven non-profit organization that works to advance the competitiveness of American businesses in the Indo-Pacific region, named Steven Okun its first Head of External Affairs.

As an organization dedicated to regionally-based advocacy, AAIP provides an opportunity for business leaders to bring on-the-ground perspectives to key policy debates impacting business and trade.

“Steve’s commitment to American business in this vital region is unmatched and we are thrilled to have him join AAIP at this critical moment,” said AAIP Interim President Jackson Cox. “His vast experience throughout the Indo-Pacific and in Washington, D.C., will be a tremendous resource to AAIP and our members as we work to secure a more competitive and enabling business environment.”

“AAIP adds a different perspective to key policy issues being debated in both Washington, D.C., and in the region,” said Steven Okun.

“Trade, customs, foreign ownership, the environment, and labor will all be on the next Administration’s and Congress’ agenda in 2025, and I look forward to growing AAIP’s membership and being part of the team that engages in these debates,” he added.

CEO of APAC Advisors and a Senior Advisor to McLarty Associates and the Global Private Capital Association, Steven Okun works at the nexus of business, policy, ESG, sustainability, and stakeholders. Living and working in Singapore for 21 years, he created and led public affairs in Asia for UPS and KKR. He served in the Clinton Administration as Deputy General Counsel at the U.S. Department of Transportation. His leadership positions have included serving as chair of AmCham Singapore for three years and chair of the AmChams of Asia Pacific for five years.

Monday, August 26, 2024 — The American Association of the Indo-Pacific (AAIP), a membership-driven non-profit organization that works to advance the competitiveness of American businesses in the Indo-Pacific region, named Steven Okun its first Head of External Affairs.

As an organization dedicated to regionally-based advocacy, AAIP provides an opportunity for business leaders to bring on-the-ground perspectives to key policy debates impacting business and trade.

“Steve’s commitment to American business in this vital region is unmatched and we are thrilled to have him join AAIP at this critical moment,” said AAIP Interim President Jackson Cox. “His vast experience throughout the Indo-Pacific and in Washington, D.C., will be a tremendous resource to AAIP and our members as we work to secure a more competitive and enabling business environment.”

“AAIP adds a different perspective to key policy issues being debated in both Washington, D.C., and in the region,” said Steven Okun.

“Trade, customs, foreign ownership, the environment, and labor will all be on the next Administration’s and Congress’ agenda in 2025, and I look forward to growing AAIP’s membership and being part of the team that engages in these debates,” he added.

CEO of APAC Advisors and a Senior Advisor to McLarty Associates and the Global Private Capital Association, Steven Okun works at the nexus of business, policy, ESG, sustainability, and stakeholders. Living and working in Singapore for 21 years, he created and led public affairs in Asia for UPS and KKR. He served in the Clinton Administration as Deputy General Counsel at the U.S. Department of Transportation. His leadership positions have included serving as chair of AmCham Singapore for three years and chair of the AmChams of Asia Pacific for five years.

AAIP commends IPEF progress, remains critical over delays on Trade Pillar

[The following statement is attributable to Jackson Cox, Interim President, AAIP]

San Francisco, November 16, 2023 — The American Association of the Indo-Pacific (AAIP) commends the progress made in the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) negotiations this week at the IPEF Ministerial in San Francisco.

The completion of agreements on three pillars – Supply Chain Resiliency, Clean Economy, and Fair Economy – is a significant moment for economic collaboration and integration in the Indo-Pacific region.

AAIP acknowledges the efforts of all IPEF partners to date. The Supply Chain Resiliency agreement signed this week lays the foundation for a new approach to trade in goods. The now complete agreements on the Clean Economy and Fair Economy pillars demonstrate a shared commitment to sustainable development and equitable financial practices.

AAIP especially applauds the legally binding anti-corruption measures within the Fair Economy pillar and the establishment of an annual investment forum under the Clean Economy pillar. These initiatives will enhance investment conditions and drive collective efforts toward a sustainable and equitable economic future.

These pillars, together with the establishment of the IPEF Council, signify a forward-looking approach to regional cooperation.

AAIP is nonetheless disappointed by the lack of progress on the Trade pillar. The inability to finalize this pillar represents a significant missed opportunity. The United States’ trading partners are rightly concerned that U.S. domestic politics will continue to impede American economic engagement in the region. U.S. lawmakers must understand that economic liberalization is continuing across the Indo-Pacific region, and the U.S. will remain on the sidelines until this changes.

However, the delays also present a chance for AAIP to deepen its engagement in Washington, D.C., and within the region to advance opportunities on a range of issues that still require urgent attention, from digital trade, AI standards, intellectual property rights, and trade liberalization to name a few. AAIP will continue to support the realization of this approach.

AAIP once again stresses institutionalizing the role of the U.S. private sector in consultation, negotiation, and implementation. The private sector’s active involvement and collaboration are imperative to ensure the effectiveness of any agreement. AAIP is ready to contribute actively to this process, demonstrating the high utility and impact of these collaborations.

For more information, please contact Khalil Hegarty at policy@americanindopac.com.

AAIP commends IPEF progress, remains critical over delays on Trade Pillar

[The following statement is attributable to Jackson Cox, Interim President, AAIP]

San Francisco, November 16, 2023 — The American Association of the Indo-Pacific (AAIP) commends the progress made in the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) negotiations this week at the IPEF Ministerial in San Francisco.

The completion of agreements on three pillars – Supply Chain Resiliency, Clean Economy, and Fair Economy – is a significant moment for economic collaboration and integration in the Indo-Pacific region.

AAIP acknowledges the efforts of all IPEF partners to date. The Supply Chain Resiliency agreement signed this week lays the foundation for a new approach to trade in goods. The now complete agreements on the Clean Economy and Fair Economy pillars demonstrate a shared commitment to sustainable development and equitable financial practices.

AAIP especially applauds the legally binding anti-corruption measures within the Fair Economy pillar and the establishment of an annual investment forum under the Clean Economy pillar. These initiatives will enhance investment conditions and drive collective efforts toward a sustainable and equitable economic future.

These pillars, together with the establishment of the IPEF Council, signify a forward-looking approach to regional cooperation.

AAIP is nonetheless disappointed by the lack of progress on the Trade pillar. The inability to finalize this pillar represents a significant missed opportunity. The United States’ trading partners are rightly concerned that U.S. domestic politics will continue to impede American economic engagement in the region. U.S. lawmakers must understand that economic liberalization is continuing across the Indo-Pacific region, and the U.S. will remain on the sidelines until this changes.

However, the delays also present a chance for AAIP to deepen its engagement in Washington, D.C., and within the region to advance opportunities on a range of issues that still require urgent attention, from digital trade, AI standards, intellectual property rights, and trade liberalization to name a few. AAIP will continue to support the realization of this approach.

AAIP once again stresses institutionalizing the role of the U.S. private sector in consultation, negotiation, and implementation. The private sector’s active involvement and collaboration are imperative to ensure the effectiveness of any agreement. AAIP is ready to contribute actively to this process, demonstrating the high utility and impact of these collaborations.

For more information, please contact Khalil Hegarty at policy@americanindopac.com.

November 3, 2023 — The American Association of the Indo-Pacific (AAIP) has sent an urgent letter to Ambassador Katherine Tai, the United States Trade Representative, raising deep concerns over the USTR announcement last week that it has withdrawn its support for core proposals in the World Trade Organization e-commerce negotiations.

AAIP is particularly concerned that the withdrawal will have implications for the United States’ support for a strong digital chapter under the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF), and that it may withdraw similar proposals in the IPEF negotiations.

AAIP Interim President Jackson Cox stated:

“The IPEF negotiations have gone through six rounds. The administration underlined early on that the agreement would effectively write the rules of the road on trade in the 21st century, but in withdrawing its support for trade rules on cross-border data flows, data localization, and the protection of source code, the U.S. will cede the field to others.

“Withdrawing support for these key provisions in the IPEF will undermine U.S. economic interests. This move not only hurts the U.S. e-commerce and technology sectors, which are significant drivers of U.S. economic growth, but all other industries that operate internationally and depend on data flows.

“The U.S. must deepen economic engagement in the region and needs to put forward rules and norms that will do precisely that—and not undermine the positive role of U.S. business across the Indo-Pacific.

“AAIP urges the USTR to clarify its position on the digital economy in the IPEF negotiations—and more broadly—going forward.”

The American Association of the Indo-Pacific (AAIP) is a member-based organization that represents U.S.-headquartered companies that have operations across the Indo-Pacific region. AAIP manages the IPEF Taskforce and has supported the IPEF from the start by bringing technical and practical recommendations forward and encouraging bold and binding IPEF agreements.

November 3, 2023 — The American Association of the Indo-Pacific (AAIP) has sent an urgent letter to Ambassador Katherine Tai, the United States Trade Representative, raising deep concerns over the USTR announcement last week that it has withdrawn its support for core proposals in the World Trade Organization e-commerce negotiations.

AAIP is particularly concerned that the withdrawal will have implications for the United States’ support for a strong digital chapter under the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF), and that it may withdraw similar proposals in the IPEF negotiations.

AAIP Interim President Jackson Cox stated:

“The IPEF negotiations have gone through six rounds. The administration underlined early on that the agreement would effectively write the rules of the road on trade in the 21st century, but in withdrawing its support for trade rules on cross-border data flows, data localization, and the protection of source code, the U.S. will cede the field to others.

“Withdrawing support for these key provisions in the IPEF will undermine U.S. economic interests. This move not only hurts the U.S. e-commerce and technology sectors, which are significant drivers of U.S. economic growth, but all other industries that operate internationally and depend on data flows.

“The U.S. must deepen economic engagement in the region and needs to put forward rules and norms that will do precisely that—and not undermine the positive role of U.S. business across the Indo-Pacific.

“AAIP urges the USTR to clarify its position on the digital economy in the IPEF negotiations—and more broadly—going forward.”

The American Association of the Indo-Pacific (AAIP) is a member-based organization that represents U.S.-headquartered companies that have operations across the Indo-Pacific region. AAIP manages the IPEF Taskforce and has supported the IPEF from the start by bringing technical and practical recommendations forward and encouraging bold and binding IPEF agreements.